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Why are more women not angry? – Global issues

Source: World Economic Forum.
  • Idea by Joseph Chamie (portland, usa)
  • Joint press service

Women represent half of the world’s population and clearly play an important role in the development, happiness and progress of mankind. However, women continue to be discriminated against, persecuted, misogyny Depression backbiteand subordinate roles in almost every major area of ​​human activity.

Despite their treatment, discrimination, and submission, most women do not express anger. If the situation between the sexes is reversed, men will certainly be angry and will certainly take the necessary steps to change the inequality.

Article 2 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted nearly seventy-five years ago, applies all rights and freedoms equally to women and men and prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex.

About 40 years ago, the international community of nations adopted Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. and USArecent ore, United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 5 to achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls.

Regardless of international declarations, agreements, conventions, communication for action and evolution achieved in recent decades, women continue lag men on rights, freedoms and equality.

From birth in some parts of the world, girls are often viewed less favorably than boys. In many societies, male infants continue to be preferred over female infants. In too many cases, son preference has led to a skewed sex ratio at birth due to pregnant Involvement of couples.

The natural sex ratio at birth for human populations is about 105 male per 100 women, although it can range from 103 to 107. Currently, at least seven countries, including the two with the world’s largest populations, have sex ratios at birth that are skewed to reflect the pregnancy intervention with male preference (Figure 1).

Source: United Nations.

China and India have sex ratio at birth of 113 and 110 males per 100 females, respectively. High sex ratios at birth were also observed in Azerbaijan (113), Vietnam (112), Armenia (111), Pakistan (109) and Albania (109). In contrast, during the period 1970-1975 when couples’ pregnancy interventions were not yet common, the sex ratios at birth for those seven countries were within the normal range expected.

Also in some countries, the female gender imbalance continues throughout a woman’s life. For example, India, Pakistan and China, which together account for nearly 40% of the world’s population, have their sex-to-population ratios of 108, 106 and 105, respectively. In contrast, the population sex ratios are 100 in Africa and Oceania, about 97 in North America and Latin America and the Caribbean, and 93 in Europe (Figure 2).

Source: United Nations.

In terms of education, despite great progress over the past few decades, girls continue to lag behind boys in primary education in some countries, particularly in Africa. Middle East and South Asia. For example, 78 girls in Chad and 84 girls in Pakistan For every 100 boys enrolled in primary school.

Among young women aged 15 to 24, about a quarter is not expected to finish primary school. In addition, about two-third of the illiterate people in the world are women.

For decision-making, women do not have the same political representation or participation as men. Worldwide estimated percentage the proportion of women in national parliament, local government and management positions is 26, 36 and 28% respectively. Even in developed countries, such as the United States, women make up 27 percent of Congress, 30 percent of statewide elected executives and 31 percent of state legislators.

The labor force participation rate of women is also significantly lower than that of men. For example, globally between the ages of 25 and 54, 62 percent women participate in the labor force compared to 93% of men. In addition, the majority of women have jobs, or 58 percentare in the informal economy with relatively low wages and a lack of social protection.

In general, women are employed in lowest pay Work. Women worldwide earn about 24 percent less than men, with 700 million fewer women than men in paid work.

Women make the least twice unpaid care as much as men, including childcare, housework and aged care. Unpaid care and family responsibilities are often at the forefront of women’s paid work.

Increasing men’s participation in household and caregiving tasks will contribute to a more equitable sharing of those important family responsibilities. In addition, the government’s provision of childcare to families with young children will help both women and men combine their employment with family responsibilities.

A globally comparable measure of the status of women relative to men across regions and countries is gender equality. Table of contents. The index looks at the gender-based gap on four basic dimensions: eparticipation and opportunities, education, health and survival, and political empowerment.

Areas with tallest Gender equality is Western Europe and North America with parity scores of 78 and 76, respectively. In contrast, regions with the shortest Gender equality is in South Asia, the Middle East and North Africa with the equality index of 62 and 61, respectively (Figure 3).

Source: World Economic Forum.

For countries, Top five The countries with the highest gender parity are Iceland, Finland, Norway, New Zealand and Sweden, with parity between 82 and 89. bottom year The countries with the lowest gender parity are Afghanistan, Yemen, Iraq, Pakistan and Syria, with parity between 44 and 57.

Source: World Economic Forum.

In addition to the four basic dimensions of the gender equality index outlined above, other important areas that reflect women’s dependence include: misogynysexual harassment, domestic abuse, intimate partner violenceand related to conflict sexual violence.

Worldwide, it is estimated that 27 percent women between the ages of 15 and 49 who have experienced physical or sexual violence by a long-term partner, usually negative influence about the health of women and their children.

Add Doa, civil strife in countries, such as Ethiopia, Myanmar, South Sudan and Syria all have alarming reports of sexual violence against women. More recently, Russian conflict-related sexual violence force in Ukraine is being reported, this has contributed to refreshing attention of the international community to the sexual violence that women face in conflict situations.

Sexual harassment of women is a popular global phenomenon. Most women have experienced it, especially in public places where it is often considered men’s territory with the house that is considered women’s place. Report percentage For example, the number of women who have experienced sexual harassment in India and Vietnam is close to 80% and 90% respectively.

In addition to harassment, women in places like India also face risk from cultural practices and traditions, human trafficking, forced labor and domestic slavery. More, sex ring Women at work are responsible for driving Many people resigned from their work.

Again, if men are exposed to the misconduct, discrimination, ill-treatment, harassment, and subordination that women have to endure, they will be angry, intolerant, and inevitably will Turn to government officials, legislatures, courts, businesses, human rights organizations and even the streets to demand equality. Women should seriously consider what actions men would take if inequality were to be reversed.

With women continuing to lag behind men in terms of rights, freedoms and equality, the puzzling question remains: why are more and more women not angry?

Joseph Chamie is a consulting demographer, former director of the United Nations Population Division and the author of numerous publications on population issues, including his recent book, “Birth, Death, Migration and Other Important Population Issues. ”

© Inter Press Service (2022) – All rights reservedOrigin: Inter Press Service

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