LONDON: RussiaFebruary 24 invasion of Ukraine has resulted in tens of thousands of deaths, displaced millions, and spread economic conflict around the world.
Here are the main effects of the war, now in its ninth month:
* Death
The war has sown death to a degree not seen in Europe since the Second World War.
Between February 24 and October 2, 6,114 civilians were killed and 9,132 injured, although the actual number is much higher, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) said on October 3. .
“Most civilian casualties have been recorded as a result of the use of high-effect explosive weapons, including artillery shelling from heavy artillery, multiple rocket launchers, missiles and air strikes,” OHCHR said. jack”.
Ukraine has not said how many of its soldiers were killed. Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu on September 21 said 5,937 Russian soldiers had been killed since the war began.
Both Ukraine and Russia said the other side had suffered high casualties. Reuters was unable to verify the battlefield claims from both sides.
The top US general estimated on November 9 that Russia and Ukraine each saw more than 100,000 of their troops killed or wounded. “A lot of human suffering,” General Mark Milley told the Economic Club of New York.
Milley said the conflict has so far turned 15 million to 30 million Ukrainians into refugees, and has probably killed 40,000 Ukrainian civilians.
The conflict in eastern Ukraine began in 2014 after a pro-Russian president was ousted in Ukraine’s Maidan Revolution and Russia annexed Crimea, with Russian-backed separatist forces fighting the forces. Ukrainian armed forces.
About 14,000 people were killed there between 2014 and the end of 2021, according to OHCHR, including 3,106 civilians.
* Miserable
The United Nations refugee agency says that since February 24, a third of Ukrainians have been forced out of their homes, the biggest migration crisis in the world today. Ukraine has a population of more than 41 million people.
There are now more than 7.8 million refugees from Ukraine recorded across Europe, with the largest numbers in Poland, Russia and Germany, according to the agency’s data.
* Ukraine
In addition to the human losses, Ukraine has lost control of about 22% of its land to Russia since the annexation of Crimea in 2014, according to Reuters calculations.
It has lost a stretch of coastline, its economy has been crippled, and several cities have been turned into wasteland by Russian shelling. According to estimates by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, Ukraine’s economy will shrink by 45% by 2022.
The true dollar price of Ukraine is unclear. It is not clear how much Ukraine has spent on fighting.
* Russia
The war was also costly for Russia – although it did not disclose the cost of state secrets.
Besides military costs, the West has also tried to punish Moscow by imposing severe sanctions – the biggest shock to the Russian economy since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Russia’s central bank last month improved its GDP forecast for this year to a contraction of 3-3.5% from a previously expected decline of 4-6%. At the end of April, GDP is expected to shrink 8-10%.
The Ministry of Economy expects a 2.9% decline this year and a 0.8% decline in 2023.
The impact on the Russian economy is still severe – and unclear. It has been removed from Western financial markets, most of its oligarchs are punished, and it is having problems sourcing certain items such as microchips.
Russia defaulted on foreign bonds for the first time since the disastrous months following the Bolshevik revolution of 1917.
The central bank has warned that partial mobilization could cause long-term inflation. The central bank has revised its year-end inflation forecast from 11-13% to 12-13%.
* Price
The invasion and Western sanctions against Russia have sent fertilizer, wheat, metals and energy prices skyrocketing, leading to both a brewing food crisis and a sweeping inflationary wave. global economy.
Russia is the world’s second-largest oil exporter after Saudi Arabia and the world’s largest exporter of natural gas, wheat, nitrogen fertilizer and palladium. Immediately after Russia invaded Ukraine, international oil prices skyrocketed to their highest levels since the 2008 record.
Efforts to reduce dependence on Russian oil, gas and oil products – or even cap their prices – have exacerbated the already severe energy crisis since Arab oil embargo in the 1970s.
According to Goldman Sachs, war has cut global growth while energy crisis in Europe could push Europe into a deeper crisis, according to Goldman Sachs, global GDP growth is expected to be slow down to 1.8% by 2023.
* Western Weapons
The United States has provided more than $18.2 billion in security assistance to Ukraine since February 24, including detonated air defense systems, Javelin anti-armor systems, 155mm cannons and nuclear protective equipment. science, radiology, chemistry.
In total, about 52 billion euros in military, financial and humanitarian aid was pledged by countries around the world on October 3 to Ukraine, according to the Kiel Institute for the World Economy.
Russia says Western supplies of advanced weapons to Ukraine are finding their way into the black market and then falling into the hands of criminal and extremist groups in the Middle East, Central Africa and Asia.
Here are the main effects of the war, now in its ninth month:
* Death
The war has sown death to a degree not seen in Europe since the Second World War.
Between February 24 and October 2, 6,114 civilians were killed and 9,132 injured, although the actual number is much higher, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) said on October 3. .
“Most civilian casualties have been recorded as a result of the use of high-effect explosive weapons, including artillery shelling from heavy artillery, multiple rocket launchers, missiles and air strikes,” OHCHR said. jack”.
Ukraine has not said how many of its soldiers were killed. Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu on September 21 said 5,937 Russian soldiers had been killed since the war began.
Both Ukraine and Russia said the other side had suffered high casualties. Reuters was unable to verify the battlefield claims from both sides.
The top US general estimated on November 9 that Russia and Ukraine each saw more than 100,000 of their troops killed or wounded. “A lot of human suffering,” General Mark Milley told the Economic Club of New York.
Milley said the conflict has so far turned 15 million to 30 million Ukrainians into refugees, and has probably killed 40,000 Ukrainian civilians.
The conflict in eastern Ukraine began in 2014 after a pro-Russian president was ousted in Ukraine’s Maidan Revolution and Russia annexed Crimea, with Russian-backed separatist forces fighting the forces. Ukrainian armed forces.
About 14,000 people were killed there between 2014 and the end of 2021, according to OHCHR, including 3,106 civilians.
* Miserable
The United Nations refugee agency says that since February 24, a third of Ukrainians have been forced out of their homes, the biggest migration crisis in the world today. Ukraine has a population of more than 41 million people.
There are now more than 7.8 million refugees from Ukraine recorded across Europe, with the largest numbers in Poland, Russia and Germany, according to the agency’s data.
* Ukraine
In addition to the human losses, Ukraine has lost control of about 22% of its land to Russia since the annexation of Crimea in 2014, according to Reuters calculations.
It has lost a stretch of coastline, its economy has been crippled, and several cities have been turned into wasteland by Russian shelling. According to estimates by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, Ukraine’s economy will shrink by 45% by 2022.
The true dollar price of Ukraine is unclear. It is not clear how much Ukraine has spent on fighting.
* Russia
The war was also costly for Russia – although it did not disclose the cost of state secrets.
Besides military costs, the West has also tried to punish Moscow by imposing severe sanctions – the biggest shock to the Russian economy since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Russia’s central bank last month improved its GDP forecast for this year to a contraction of 3-3.5% from a previously expected decline of 4-6%. At the end of April, GDP is expected to shrink 8-10%.
The Ministry of Economy expects a 2.9% decline this year and a 0.8% decline in 2023.
The impact on the Russian economy is still severe – and unclear. It has been removed from Western financial markets, most of its oligarchs are punished, and it is having problems sourcing certain items such as microchips.
Russia defaulted on foreign bonds for the first time since the disastrous months following the Bolshevik revolution of 1917.
The central bank has warned that partial mobilization could cause long-term inflation. The central bank has revised its year-end inflation forecast from 11-13% to 12-13%.
* Price
The invasion and Western sanctions against Russia have sent fertilizer, wheat, metals and energy prices skyrocketing, leading to both a brewing food crisis and a sweeping inflationary wave. global economy.
Russia is the world’s second-largest oil exporter after Saudi Arabia and the world’s largest exporter of natural gas, wheat, nitrogen fertilizer and palladium. Immediately after Russia invaded Ukraine, international oil prices skyrocketed to their highest levels since the 2008 record.
Efforts to reduce dependence on Russian oil, gas and oil products – or even cap their prices – have exacerbated the already severe energy crisis since Arab oil embargo in the 1970s.
According to Goldman Sachs, war has cut global growth while energy crisis in Europe could push Europe into a deeper crisis, according to Goldman Sachs, global GDP growth is expected to be slow down to 1.8% by 2023.
* Western Weapons
The United States has provided more than $18.2 billion in security assistance to Ukraine since February 24, including detonated air defense systems, Javelin anti-armor systems, 155mm cannons and nuclear protective equipment. science, radiology, chemistry.
In total, about 52 billion euros in military, financial and humanitarian aid was pledged by countries around the world on October 3 to Ukraine, according to the Kiel Institute for the World Economy.
Russia says Western supplies of advanced weapons to Ukraine are finding their way into the black market and then falling into the hands of criminal and extremist groups in the Middle East, Central Africa and Asia.
